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Streptococcus pneumoniae (SP) is a lancet-shaped, gram-positive bacterium. It is an opportunistic pathogen typically colonizing the nasopharynx and mouth of healthy people. Children, elderly people, and people with weakened immune systems are high-risk groups. SP has nearly 100 serotypes, including more than 30 pathogenic serotypes. It is the leading cause of diseases and deaths in children in China and even across the world. SP chiefly causes pneumonia, suppurative meningitis, sepsis, sinusit

Legionella pneumophila is an important pathogen that causes Legionnaires' disease. Legionella was discovered after a pneumonia outbreak in 1976 among people who went to a Philadelphia veteran's convention. Existing studies showed that it has at least 50 species and 70 serogroups. About 90% of Legionnaires' disease is caused by Legionella pneumophila (LP) that has 15 serogroups. The serogroup 1 causes 84% of Legionnaires' disease worldwide. The disease is an acute bacterial infectious disease a

Legionellae are aerobic gram-negative bacteria associated with respiratory infections. Legionellae are ubiquitous in environmental water sources and may cause sporadic as well as epidemic cases. Aerosol-generating systems such as faucets, showerheads, whirlpools, cooling towers, and nebulizers aid in the transmission of Legionella from water to air. Legionellosis classically presents as two distinct clinical entities, Legionnaires disease (LD), pneumonia with severe multisystem disease, and Po

Respiratory syncytial virus is the pathogen of Pneumonia. According to its adhesive protein G antigenicity, it is divided into type A and type B. The clinical symptoms caused by its type A and type B are more similar. RSV is the most important pathogen of lower respiratory tract infection in infants and children, with the highest incidence at 2-6 months of age, an incubation period of 3-7 days, and heavy symptoms, which may include high fever, rhinitis, pharyngitis and laryngitis, followed by

Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) is an illness caused by a virus (more specifically, a coronavirus) called the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Most MERS patients developed severe respiratory disease with symptoms of fever, cough and shortness of breath. About 3 or 4 out of every 10 patients reported with MERS have died. The BioPerfectus MERS-CoV Real Time PCR Kit is an in vitro diagnostic test, based on real-time PCR technology, for the detection of RNA from

Botulism is a life-threatening disease caused by the ingestion of a potent neurotoxin produced during the growth of the Clostridium botulinum bacteria. This neurotoxin is among the most toxic substances known; even microscopic amounts can cause illness or death. Symptoms of botulism usually appear within 12 to 36 hours after eating food containing the neurotoxin, although there have been documented cases that ranged from 4 hours to 8 days. The BioPerfectus Clostridium botulinum Real Time PC

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS) is a severe, sometimes fatal, respiratory disease in humans caused by Sin Nombre Viruses from the family Bunyaviridae. The host of the Sin Nombre virus is the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). Early symptoms include fatigue, fever and muscle aches, especially in the large muscle groupsthighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders. There may also be headaches, dizziness, chills, and abdominal problems, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.

COVID-19 Coronavirus (ORF1ab/N/E) Real Time PCR Kit is an In Vitro Diagnostic (IVD) reagent replying on fluorescent PCR technology and aiming at qualitatively detection and differentiation of human RNA from SARS-CoV-2 from upper and lower respiratory tract samples. Primer and probe are selected fromOpen Reading Framegene region (ORF1a/b),envelope protein (E)andnucleocapsid region (N)for SARS-CoV-2. The kit is a multiplex assay, run in a single well/vessel, designed for detection and differenti

In October 2020, SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.617 emerged in India, causing an exponential increase in COVID-19 cases across the country. The lineage is further divided into three subgroups: B.1.617.1, B.1.617.2, and B.1.617.3, of which the B.1.617.2 variant (also known as Delta variant) has been designated as Variant of Concern (VOC) by WHO because of significantly increased infectivity. The mutations L452R and E484Q, along with P681R in the furin cleavage site are reported to lead to increased ACE

SARS-CoV-2 Lambda (C.37) variant was first detected in Peru in December 2020 and has been designated as a VOI by the WHO in June 2021, due to a heightened presence of this variant in Peru, Chile, United States of America, Argentina, etc.The spike protein of the Lambda variant is more infectious, which is attributed to the T76I and L452Q mutations. Another mutation F490S has already been associated with reduced susceptibility to antibodies generated in patients who had recovered from COVID. Thi